Objective
You shall learn about various synthetic gemstone manufactured by various methods like the Verneuil flame fusion, flux grown ruby and sapphire, hydrothermal synthetic emerald and ruby. Furthermore, as there are many treated gemstone in the market place, you will learn how to identify treated gemstones like painting, coating and dyeing, heat treatment, surface diffusion and lattice diffusion, impregnating by oil, resin or wax, irradiated stones, etc. What are composite stones? Birthstone and know how some of the gemstones got its name.

Outline

1. Natural gemstone like ruby, sapphire, emerald, garnet, quartz, opal, peridot, spinel, topaz, tourmaline and pearl.
2. Synthetic gemstones like Verneuil flame fusion stones, flux-melt and hydrothermal stones. How to identify them?
3. Treated gemstones like painting, dyeing, coating; heat treatment ruby and sapphire; surface diffusion and lattice diffusion; impregnated stones using wax, resin and polymer fillers; irradiated stones; and laser treatment. 
4. What is composite gemstone?
5. Gem instruments and interpretation of results
6. Practical sessions.
   
   

Objective
You will learn about what are gemstones, and the number of mineral species and groups. What are different types of crystals and how it form. Gem deposits and mining method to extract the gemstones from the earth. Why are gemstones so valuable and the 4C¡¯s of gemstones i.e. colour, clarity, cut and carat weight. What are luster and brilliance? How a gemologist identify gemstones using modern gemological equipments like loupe, microscope, refractometer, prism spectroscope, polariscope, and dischroscope. With the basic understanding of gemological instrument, you can se out to identify some of the gemstones like ruby, sapphire, emerald, aquamarine, topaz, tourmaline, quartz, cultured pearl and its imitation.

Outline

1. What are gemstone?
2. Mineral species and groups
3. T ype of crystals
4. Gem formation, deposits and mining methods
5. Gemstone of the world
6. Why are gemstones so valuable?
7. Lustre and brilliance
8. What you look for in a gem?
9. Gem instruments and interpretation of results
10. Practical sessions.